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KSA maintains a robust digital infrastructure, accelerating digital transformation. This structure has enabled the Kingdom to face public and private sector disruptive crises, ensuring business continuity, educational operations, citizen requirements, and daily resident lives. The Kingdom has achieved a range that is among the top ten developed countries globally for its robust digital framework. The Kingdom improved the quality of digital services provided to beneficiaries by partnering with the private sector. This partnership was created to provide fiber-optic network coverage to more than 3.5 million homes across the Kingdom, increasing internet traffic during the pandemic by 30%, doubling the internet traffic through the Saudi Arabian Internet Exchange (SAIX), increasing the internet speed from 9 Mbps in 2017 to 109 Mbps in 2020 and completing the expansion of the internal coverage system at the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
The Kingdom was named the “Top Digital Riser” among the G20 nations due to the comprehensive government support for digital transformation in the Kingdom as part of Vision 2030. The Kingdom provided 100% of households with basic telecommunication services, covering over 576,000 homes in remote areas with broadband services.
The digital government strategy and implementation are now included in the Internet of Things (IoT). M-Government benefits the citizens and the government by minimizing cost, enhancing services, increasing efficiency and effectiveness, and saving operational and service delivery time. M-Government archives the objective appropriate strategy that achieves the objective of providing seamless services at anytime, anywhere, subject to the availability of the internet. The Saudi Arabia government has stipulated m-Government as one the priority not only for all government agencies but also for the community at large. This research aims to provide an overview of the extent and success of m-Government in Saudi Arabia. In particular, our study focuses on factors, which influence the adoption of m-Government services by citizens. As an example, Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Health has addressed m-Government applications and services in high importance. Other m-Government services have been introduced. Mobile technology is highly agile, the actual software and the technology used in mobile communication and applications have a great impact on digital transformation in mobile services. The data being entrusted to the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) in the development of the digital success story of Saudi Arabia. Essential policies anticipate the progress of such technology and hence adopt the proper policies and road maps for such development. Backend database systems, citizen support systems, and online government services are essential parts of the technology for mobile government. In contrast, slow or inconvenient service delivery is rated badly by the users. Therefore, agility is necessary also to find out security and protective technology that may counter such impediments.
Infrastructure for technology and networking is the ultimate base for any progress toward electronic governance and digital transformation. The transformation continuously demands more efficient and reliable communication channels, secure and the proper platform needed to manage and run it, in addition to platforms of data management, be they data centers, big data, or any other. Data clouds are essential as well, within the infrastructure that forms the foundation of government, private sector and consumer use of digital services, the Kingdom is also increasingly successful in attracting the ‘hyper-scale’ global cloud service providers.
A major pillar of this infrastructure is the Government Service Bus (GSB). It is essential in securing well-integrated national infrastructure projects, which are implemented and managed initially by Yesser Program and now by SDAIA. It aims to activate secure data exchange between the government agencies that are authorized to use the data in providing their services effectively and accurately. The Kingdom now offers over 6,000 e-government services and records 3 billion digital transactions a year. All of this progress is creating a huge demand for data centers as the critical infrastructure of the digital economy. Digital transformation has blended efforts across the government for a national backbone and infrastructure that provides this growth in digital transformation.
Partnership models will be critical to ensure that the modern, high-tech, and highly sustainable facilities needed can be built fast enough. Data center design, build and operation is a complex business requiring specialist expertise. Even finding suitable sites close to where services are needed but secure and with resilient connections to both power and the fiber-optic cables that link them to the global internet requires detailed planning and experience. To deliver the clouds that form the foundation of government, private sector and consumer use of digital services, the Kingdom is also increasingly successful in attracting the ‘hyper-scale’ global cloud service providers. Alibaba Cloud partnered with STC group, eWTP Arabia Capital, the Saudi Company for Artificial Intelligence (SCAI) and the Saudi Information Technology Company (SITE). This partnership is a reliable and strong infrastructure support for national digital transformation.
KSA Cloud First Policy of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology was launched in 2020. In general, the government has been fostering the use of cloud computing formally. This policy for cloud computing leverages several elements, including scale, virtualization, resilience, cost, efficiency, service orientation, agility, etc. These elements are combined into five key characteristics:
This policy is a clearly focused and visible effort to provide an efficient way of applying cloud technology, both as operational and agile.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is set to become the global leader of the digital economy through the full deployment of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Big Data, Robotics, Machine Learning, 5G across public and private sectors. Blockchain Saudi Arabia is among the first countries globally whose institutions started to experiment with the use of the blockchain and allowed international firms wishing to test new digital solutions in a 'live' environment to deploy them in the KSA in the future.
Several Government authorities in the Kingdom have established regulatory sandboxes in using digital technologies to allow startups and other innovators to conduct live experiments in a controlled environment under a regulator's supervision. These initiatives include:
Several Government agencies have developed initiatives and platforms to explore the possibilities and limits of the new technologies and how these technologies will impact the future of the digital government, economy, and society in general. Some of these initiatives include:
The availability of certain conditions, recourses and achievements can be not only supportive of a successful smart government transformation but mandatory and critical in nature. While road mapping and implementing, and most of all maintaining growth in digital transformation, special attention should be given to the factors and considerations that drive smart government transformation. This attention is considered a policy of operation rather than a method of implementing projects. Under this policy, critical enablers were identified and furthered. The government views that data is not only important but the core of any smart government development, and consequently, data concerns are significant drivers of the transformation process:
Agile environments are environments in which workability is characterized by moving quickly, easy skillfully. As technology is agile, i.e., moving fast. Digital transformation has a basic requirement for success which is indispensable: being agile. DGA has integrated the philosophy of agility in the form of ongoing assessment, continuous improvement of methodology and keeping a close observance of developing new technology. Continuous human resource assessment and providing plans for a new mindset are foreseen, including possibilities of adapting new tools needed to achieve digital transformation in an ongoing digital, agile environment. Strategic concerns are well embedded in the planning of DGA strategies, which include fundamental concepts of agile development:
Digital Transformation in Saudi Arabia recognizes that social media is being developed so fast and with diverse modalities and methodologies. This change is a challenge to policymakers, yet it provides opportunities for citizens to build a presence and develop e-participation. The different new techniques and tools being developed for social media pose a threat however, taking advantage of these digitally enabled possibilities demands much quicker and biased actions from policy makers, i.e. they need to be agile. The agility is not limited to new devices and application software but also to using data and analytics to source solutions to problems or opportunities, employing tests, evaluating the results, and fast iteration. The advantage of this agility is that it can run hundreds of campaigns and multiple ideas simultaneously every week. Acquiring attributes of agile organizations will most likely enable the public sector to adapt to changing dynamics and offer value-added services to their citizens. Adjusting rapidly to citizens’ demands, providing solutions to their different concerns, and shaping public needs, in the long run, are all priorities for public entities. It is widely accepted that social media is a dynamic medium. It is a fact that technology is changing in this field and would require more attention to such development to make such technology not only being used but used in a more efficient way. Innovation Strategy prioritizes digital technology as one of the top seven national sectors.
In Saudi Arabia, digital transformation is a top-four priority in the National Transformation Program (NTP). Social media is a decisive agile technology tool and hence a factor in digital transformation. Other trends are observed clearly and strongly in the Digital Transformation in Saudi Arabia, as a non-government expert opinion shows such progress.